Population dynamics of the mood-sucking insects and detection of pathogens in the rodents from xisha islands of china / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the popukton dynamics of blood-sucking insects and detect the pathogen of rodents in Xisha Islands of China, so as to provide information for prevention and control of infectious diseases in the area. Methods From January to July in 2014. we collected blood-sucking msccis in Yongxing and Shi Islands twice a month using light traps. The specimens were identified by morphologic characters and molecular markers. Meanwhile, the population size was calculated. The pathogenic infections of rodints were detected by immuno-collcadal gold chromatographic test stnps and PCR assay. And the ectoparasates in the rodents were initially identified by morphologic characters. Krsilts The dominant species of blood-sucking insects in Xisha Islands were species of Genus Cutex, Armine res and Cuticoides, and in Apnl the population density of biting midge was the highest (55. 55%. 6 984/12 573). Phlebotomine sandfly specimen was also collected and identified as Sergentomyia baily (n= 11) by mtDNA-CO I sequences. The positive rates of Staphylococcus aureus aiterotoxin type A and Botulinum toxin type A were 3. 45% (1/29) and 14.00% (7/50) in the rodent serum samples, while all the samples were negative for Tsutsugamushi disease and Plague antibodies. Srta58 gene of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was amplified by nested FCR m 70 rodent’s spkren tissues, with the positive rate bang 11. 43% (8/70). A total of 248 ectoparasites were collected, and 93.55% (232/248) of them was gamasid mites. Conclusion The population dynamics of blood-sucking insects has no obvious change. Phtebotamme sandflies has been first recorded in Xisha Islands. The infection rates by Rickettsia tsutsugaimslx i and two bacterial toxins are high.

Phlebotomine sandfly fauna and natural Leishmania infection rates in a rural area of Cerrado (tropical savannah) in Nova Mutum, State of Mato Grosso in Brazil

Introduction American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has been reported in every municipality of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, but the transmission epidemiology remains poorly understood. Our study was developed in a rural area of the Nova Mutum municipality where four autochthonous cases of ACL were reported in 2009. Our aims were to describe the local phlebotomine sandfly fauna and to investigate the infection rates and infecting Leishmania species in the captured sandflies. Methods Entomological captures were performed bimonthly at 10 fixed sites close to the edge of a forested area between June 2011 and April 2012. Results A total of 3,743 phlebotomine sandflies belonging to 31 distinct species were captured. Approximately 75% of the specimens were females. The most abundant species (45.4%) was Lutzomyia antunesi, which was consistently captured at every site. Species that are epidemiologically important for ACL, such as L. flaviscutellata, L. whitmani and L. umbratilis, were also captured. L. antunesi and L. ubiquitalis were naturally infected by Leishmania braziliensis or Le. guyanensis, with minimum infection rates of 0.88% and 6.67%, respectively. Surprisingly, L. antunesi was infected by Le. infantum (synonym chagasi). Conclusions The natural infection of L. antunesi and L. ubiquitalis by Leishmania sp. suggests that these species might play a role in the zoonotic cycle of ACL in Nova Mutum. The presence of Le. infantum in L. antunesi suggests that there may be a risk of an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Nova Mutum. .

Flebotomíneos de áreas com notificações de casos autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina e leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Phlebotomine fauna in areas of autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis and American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Flebótomos de áreas com notificações de casos autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina e leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O município de Angra dos Reis apresenta casos humanos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana desde 1945. Inquéritos flebotomínicos realizados em 1978 revelaram a presença de Nyssomyia intermedia e a primeira notificação de Lutzomyia longipalpis no Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. Em agosto de 2002 foi notificado o primeiro caso canino de leishmaniose visceral na Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. Inquéritos flebotomínicos realizados nos peridomicílios, no período de novembro de 2002 a maio de 2003, em quatro localidades de Angra dos Reis, resultaram em 12.554 flebotomíneos e a presença de nove espécies: Brumptomyia sp.; Nyssomyia intermedia, Migonemyia migonei, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Pintomyia fischeri, Psychodopygus davisi, Psychodopygus ayrosai, Evandromyia tupinambay, Psathyromyia pelloni. foi Nyssomyia intermedia, predominante em todas as localidades, seguida por M.migonei. O principal vetor da LVA, Lutzomyia longipalpis, não foi detectado nas localidades, incluindo áreas do entorno, onde um cão infectado residia.

The city of Angra dos Reis presents human cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis since 1945. Phlebotomine surveys in 1978 had disclosed the presence of Nyssomyia intermedia and the first notification of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. In August of 2002 the first canine case of visceral leishmaniasis in the Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis was notified. Surveys of phlebotomines in the peridomiciliary areas, in the period of November, 2002, through May, 2003, in four localities of Angra dos Reis, resulted in 12,554 specimens belonging to nine species: Brumptomyia sp. Nyssomyia intermedia, Migonemyia migonei, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Pintomyia fischeri, Psychodopygus davisi, Psychodopygus ayrosai, Evandromyia tupinambay, Psathyromyia pelloni. Nyssomyia intermedia was predominant in all localities, followed by M. migonei. The main vector of the AVL, L. longipalpis, was not detected in the localities, including their surroundings, where an infected dog inhabited.

Epidemiologia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar e descrição das populações de flebotomíneos no município de Acrelândia, Acre, Brasil / Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and description of phlebotomine sandfly populations in the city of Acrelandia, Acre, Brazil

São apresentadas neste artigo a distribuição da leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) e descrição das populações de flebotomíneos em Acrelândia, Acre. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos a partir de fichas de notificação de casos ocorridos entre 2001 e 2004, e os dados entomológicos são provenientes de capturas com armadilhas luminosas efetuadas entre 2004 e 2005 na zona rural de Acrelândia. Ocorreram 82 novos casos de LT, com idade entre 2 e 69 anos, sendo 75,6 por cento em homens e 83,9 por cento na zona rural. Predominou a LT com lesões únicas (78 por cento). A microscopia direta da lesão, intradermorreação de Montenegro e biópsia apresentaram positividade de 100 por cento, 98 por cento e 79,5 por cento, respectivamente. A resposta ao tratamento farmacológico foi bem sucedida em 71,6 por cento dos casos; a falência terapêutica foi maior em pacientes com diagnóstico exclusivamente clínico (41,2 por cento) e nos que receberam dose diária inadequada de antimonial pentavalente (64,3 por cento). Foram coletados 40 espécimes de flebotomíneos em propriedades rurais com casos de LT (3 gêneros, 14 espécies), sendo 3 espécies conhecidas como vetoras ou possíveis vetoras de Leishmania: Nyssomyia antunesi predominou no peridomicílio (59,1 por cento) e em margens de matas; Nyssomyia whitmani foi freqüente no peridomicílio (15 por cento) e a única espécie encontrada no intradomicílio, e Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis foi capturada no peridomicílio. O uso de dados epidemiológicos existentes no serviço de saúde de Acrelândia, embora com várias limitações, permitiu avaliar a eficácia do diagnóstico e o tratamento empregados no município, enquanto os dados entomológicos coletados podem orientar estudos mais amplos visando identificar os vetores e espécies circulantes na região.